From EHRs to Patient Pathways: Scalable Modeling of Longitudinal Health Trajectories With LLMs

MCML Authors

Chantal Pellegrini

→ Group Nassir Navab
 Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

Ege Özsoy

→ Group Nassir Navab
 Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

David Bani-Harouni

→ Group Nassir Navab
 Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

Matthias Keicher

Dr.

→ Group Nassir Navab
 Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

Nassir Navab

Prof. Dr.

Principal Investigator

Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

Abstract

Healthcare systems face significant challenges in managing and interpreting vast, heterogeneous patient data for personalized care. Existing approaches often focus on narrow use cases with a limited feature space, overlooking the complex, longitudinal interactions needed for a holistic understanding of patient health. In this work, we propose a novel approach to patient pathway modeling by transforming diverse electronic health record (EHR) data into a structured representation and designing a holistic pathway prediction model, EHR2Path, optimized to predict future health trajectories. Further, we introduce a novel summary mechanism that embeds long-term temporal context into topic-specific summary tokens, improving performance over text-only models, while being much more token-efficient. EHR2Path demonstrates strong performance in both next time-step prediction and longitudinal simulation, outperforming competitive baselines. It enables detailed simulations of patient trajectories, inherently targeting diverse evaluation tasks, such as forecasting vital signs, lab test results, or length-of-stay, opening a path towards predictive and personalized healthcare.

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 C1 | Medicine