ReEvalMed: Rethinking Medical Report Evaluation by Aligning Metrics With Real-World Clinical Judgment

MCML Authors

Kun Yuan

→ Group Nassir Navab
 Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality

Abstract

Automatically generated radiology reports often receive high scores from existing evaluation metrics but fail to earn clinicians’ trust. This gap reveals fundamental flaws in how current metrics assess the quality of generated reports. We rethink the design and evaluation of these metrics and propose a clinically grounded Meta-Evaluation framework. We define clinically grounded criteria spanning clinical alignment and key metric capabilities, including discrimination, robustness, and monotonicity. Using a fine-grained dataset of ground truth and rewritten report pairs annotated with error types, clinical significance labels, and explanations, we systematically evaluate existing metrics and reveal their limitations in interpreting clinical semantics, such as failing to distinguish clinically significant errors, over-penalizing harmless variations, and lacking consistency across error severity levels. Our framework offers guidance for building more clinically reliable evaluation methods.

inproceedings LLJ+25

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EMNLP 2025

Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Suzhou, China, Nov 04-09, 2025.

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Authors

R. Li • J. Jian • K. Yuan • Y. Zhu

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Links

DOI

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Research Area

 C1 | Medicine