This dissertation investigates how visual impairments such as cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration affect gaze behavior and explores gaze-based machine learning for early detection. Using virtual reality simulations, standardized gaze preprocessing, and predictive models, the work demonstrates that subtle eye movement changes can reveal vision loss before conscious awareness, enabling scalable and privacy-preserving screening tools for preventive healthcare. (Shortened.)
BibTeXKey: Gro25